The statistics are damning. According to ongoing studies from San Diego State University’s Center for the Study of Women in Television & Film, female characters over 40 consistently make up less than 25% of all female roles, despite representing nearly half of the actual female population. When they do appear, their screen time shrinks, and their narratives narrow. A 40-year-old male lead is "in his prime"; a 40-year-old female lead is "aging gracefully"—a backhanded compliment that implies her primary job is to not look her age.

A solid review must note the intersectionality. The problem is worse for women of color, who "age" faster in the industry’s eyes due to racist double standards. Angela Bassett, Viola Davis, and Michelle Yeoh (who won an Oscar at 60 for Everything Everywhere All at Once ) are titans who fought for decades against being relegated to "the wise elder" or "the mother." Yeoh’s victory was seismic precisely because her role was a messy, angry, powerful protagonist , not a supporting matriarch.

Conversely, a few white actresses have successfully "aged up" into producing (Reese Witherspoon, Nicole Kidman), using their star power to option books with older female leads. But that’s a solution for the 1%, not the industry.