-tickle — Torture Academy-

of what constitutes torture (which often includes "cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment" that may not leave physical marks), you can refer to: The Convention against Torture (CAT)

that outlines the four required elements for a practice to be legally ruled as torture: severe pain/suffering, intentionality, specific purpose, and official capacity. Theorizing about Torture : A paper from the Institute for Advanced Study -tickle torture academy-

: This research details the involvement of psychologists in developing and standardizing "interrogation strategies" at military and intelligence "black sites". Medical Complicity in Torture of what constitutes torture (which often includes "cruel,

: A collection of research papers discussing how professional groups (including medical and psychological) have historically been involved in "cruel interrogation" practices. Legal and Ethical Frameworks For papers regarding the legal definition -tickle torture academy-